Power loom for carpets



March 1927' P. RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS m Jan. 5. 1923 5shoeti shet' 1 [Yaw-"mks lrroR/vEYa March 22, 1927.

P. RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 1923 5 Sheets-Shut 2ATTORNE Y5v March 22, 1927. RENARD ETAL POWER Loom FOR CARPETS FiledJan. 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORs- WG g Li p MGQMMJ ATTORNEYS,

March 22 1927. 1,622,123 P. RENARD ET AL rowan LOOM FOR CARPETS FiledJan. 5. 1923' s Sheets-sheaf 4 yf hza will! A rromvz rs.

Marchv 221-19 27 "P, RENARD ET AL POWER LOOM FOR CARPETS Filed Jan. 5.1923 5 Sheets-Sheet' 5 ATroRA/EYS,

Patented Mar. 22, 1927.

PIERRE BENABD AND FER INAND. RENARD, Q N EIAECWRTZ RA E N B T0sooinrnmm'nnn FREBE EIT i i-Ls, on NQNANGOURT, Fit-rigson.

rows LQQM; 3. a er Applieation filed January 5, 1923, Serial, No.610,851,, and in Franee April 26, 1922.

When we examine an, oriental carpet, pret erably one of line groundtexture, we are struckby the close fitting of the wefts. We seethat'with the usual mechanical method of weaving, it will be practicallyimpossible to obtain the same naifnber of wefts to the inch.

This results from the fact that hand weavers have alwaysunderstood thenecessity for entering, aloosewett into the shed, beating this eft upwith mallet and using hus two or three tin' es' as many w'ei'ts as itwould. be possible to employ in the usual power loom.

When this loose-weft is Closely qp-p lfiid t thel'abric it does notcontract the fabric but follows thee'ontou'rs of the warp threadswithout jamming them and the weft is placed in position more easily as,the friction withthe warp. threads is insignificant.

The object of the present invention is to provide means for mechanicallyinserting a loose weft into the fabric produced by power looms, moreespecially in those for making S nyrnan, Persian, wound or other knottedcarpets.

This loose weft is obtained by the insertion by the shuttle of anordinary straight weft in the usual known manner, this straight weftbeing subsequently modified by suitable means into an undulated line,which consequently increases the length of the usual weft. This inereaseof length is regulated and controlled at will according to the qualityoi the fabliGS.

For this purpose, the applicants have devised means forundulating theweft after its insertion in the shed in theusual manner by the shuttle,the loom stopping after the passage of the shuttle so as to allow theundulating process to. be effected, This undulated weft applied to thefell by the reed surrounds the warp threads without tension and fills upall the interstices, the action length of the thread required for theundulation (see Figs. 1 and 2) being drawn supplementarily from theshuttle when the latteris at rest. I p

The invention will be. readily uaclerstoed 'hv reference to the,aceonipanying drawings illustrating two ern odini ei ts of theinventive idea and wherein Fig. 1 illustrates diagranunatieally a sec.tio i of a ll? Fig. 1' is a diagrammatic top plan view illustrating anundulating Weft.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic end view of the undulating weft.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation illustrating one type of ifQGCl that may beemployed. Fig. at is a side elevation of one type of undulator orrocking member.

Fig. 5, is a detail sectional view on the line 0i: Fig. 4 illustratingthe beveled portion of the undulator shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sideelevation partly in section of the assembled me'ehanisihi j Fig; 7 is aside elevation and Fig. 8 a top plan view, on a reduced scale, of asliding carriage that may be femployed, Figs. 7 and 8? are respeeti'velya front elevation and a plan of thesliding carriage mounted onthebatten. h

Fig. 9 is aside elevation, partly in section, illustrating a secondembodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a side. elevation of the mechanism illustrated i Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail side elevation illustrating the mounting ofthe'undulators.

12 is a detail side elevation illustrating one type of mounting that maybe employed for the separators and Fig 13 is a detail view partly insection, 7

illustrating one of the separators. Referring: to the drawings, whereinlike reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the severalviews, Fig. 1 illns- T, trates a section of a warp; 0 00 show the warpthreads in section; the weft y 3 thrown by'the shuttle in the usualmanner 15 stra ght. 2 IS a sim lar diagrammatic View in which the weftis undulated, this figure representing the erossing oi the warps; Q3-l1a ..bee11 brought below, m" above. From this figure it is seenthatitweft e a longerthan usual has been thrown and if this" eess of lengthhas been distributed regularly. and proportio 'iatelyv over the widthol; thefl'abrie, and if the reed has, when the shed has been closed,drawn up t is elt a ins he pre eding v i j/ y", the excess of tlie weftwill be absorbed afterci sing the warps, as shown in Fig. 2, theundulated weft separating the w res an en ing th m a d sta ap t eqi' elto. it die get ordinary straight weft and in Fig. 2 a fabric with anundulated weft.

In order to mechanically obtain this undulated weft, an ordinary weft a2 1s thrown and the shed closes lightly so as to allow the weft to slideeasily between the two warp banks. In other words, the warp rubs lightlyon the weft so as to allow it to pre serve the form which has been givento it. Then the loom, properly socalled, stops. By means of rockingmembers conveniently placed under and moving parallel to the warp, theweft inserted in the warp has the form of a horizontal sinuous line(Fig. 1 which is a plan View of the warp and weft threads), the surplusthread necessary for this operation being furnished by the shuttle atrest.

l/Vhen the undulation is effected and the rocking members are returnedto their normal position below the warp, the reed beats up the undulatedweft against the fell and the weft by its extra length surrounds thewarp threads without tension, as shown in Fig. 2.

The batten of the weaving loom is moved in the usual known manner, but aspecial mechanism stops the loom every time that a weft is to beundulated.

As shown in Fig. 3, the reed is composed of stamped steel sheetsreinforced at 3 by small riveted plates in order to impart the requiredthickness and provide the required distance between the adjacent dents.Preferably a notch 5 is provided in one edge of V the reed for engaginga projection of the frame work as is illustrated in Fig. 6. Such anarrangement insures parallelism of all the dents of the reed andfacilitates the mounting of the latter.

The reed is provided with an opening 1, which is preferably formed whenthe latter is stamped out, through which opening passes a rod forsupporting the rocking member to be described hereinafter. 9 is aprojection on the reed which permits the weft to take up its increase oflength, as explained later. 7

Fig. 1 shows the undulator or rocking member. 1 is the axis ofoscillation. Each rocking member or undulator is pivoted on a dent ofthe reed. 6 and 7 are members with beveled but not cutting edges. 13 isa projection which is engaged by a lever to rotate the undulator aroundits axis, thereby bringing the indulator to position below the warp; 8is a part forming a quadrant of a circle.

Fig. 5 shows in section the beveled parts 6 and 7 which force the weftagainst the pro jeotions 9 of the dents of the reed.

Fig. 6 is a general View of the arrangement mounted on the foot of theframe; as w, w w are the warp threads.

The rocking member of Fig. 4 is shown mounted; it oscillates about itsaxis 1. The interrupted lines show it in its closed or working position,the full lines in the nor mal position. In this latter position, it liesbelow the warp threads and allows the free passage of the shuttles.

A weft Z is thrown in the usual manner between the warp threads 00 w, m00. These latter not being completely closed, the weft can consequentlybe pushed by the rocking member without great force against theprojection 9 of the reed, is forced be.- tween two adjacent dents of thereed and consequently lengthened, the quantity of thread necessary forthe excess of length being drawn from the shuttle.

It should be remarked that the different rocking members placed over thewhole width of the loom do not all work at the same time but insuccession, commencing on the opposite side from the shuttle, in orderto allow the thread to be drawn from the shuttle as the action isprogressively passed on. Also, each undulating device rests in itsworking position during some time in order to maintain the undulatedweft in the reed and to prevent the adjacent undulator from deranging itwhen working.

The weft is thus undulated between the dents of the reed and is ready tobe placed in the fabric without any efi'ort of the batten or reed, andthis condition is important for efficient working.

This undulated weft, not drawing either on the warp threads or on theselvag-e, does not contract the latter, but on the contrary it fills itup, maintains the warps at their exact position and consequentlyobviates the necessity'for the use of temples.

The arrangements for operating the rocking member Will'nowbe described.

In Fig. 6 the batten 22 is shown in section and hatched. The reed isplaced on this batten in the manner described previously. 14 and 15 aretwo rails extending along the whole length of the batten below therounded part 8 of the rocking members. The rails are secured upon pieces14: and 15 conveniently secured to the batten 22. The rails are arrangedso as to provide below the necessary space for a sliding carriage (Figs.7 and 8) which may be moved by a cam, lever, chain or rope from one endto the other of the frame, by a movement similar to that of the rods ofvelvet pile looms.

The sliding carriage has an eye 1.8 on which a member 19 provided withan inclined portion at one end thereof, oscillates. The thickness ofthis member corresponds to the distance apart of the rails 14, 15 sothat it passes freely between the latter.

On each side of this member at 20 are two projecting rollers adapted torest on the rails 141, 15. The height of these rollers tends through anopening 41 in the frame supports 29 and thus sustains the whole systemtogether, so that between two adjacent frame supports 29 there is aseparator system oscillating about its axle 42.

It is obvious that the separator system could be constituted by a singleseparator extending across the whole of the loom, but the presentarrangement allows the separators to act more easily with less frictionand better parallelism, it also permits the employment of axles andmembers of reduced dimensions, which is useful 011 a loom where thedimensions are restricted, so that between each frame support 29 thereis a separator oscillating about its axle 42.

The blades of the separator 40 may be represented by even numerals andthe blades 36 by odd numerals, or conversely. A spring tends to maintainthe separators so that the blades 43 rest in their lower position asshown in full lines in Fig. 9.

On the cylinders 35 and 40 of the undulators and separators arescrew-threaded pivots 48, 47 serving as axles for little steel rollers46, 45.

Preferably an endless chain 49 extends along the member 26 throughoutthe entire width of the loom. The thickness of this chain is calculatedso that it cannot act on the rollers 45, 46, but at convenient placessmall steel plates 50, 51 of suitable form and height are fixed on eachside of this chain to raise the rollers 45 of the separators, and 46 ofthe separate undulators. The plate 50 acting on the separators ispreferably rectangular, Fig. 10, in order to maintain the blades 43 ofthe system constantly raised, while the plate 51 of the undulators 36 isan inclined plane (Fig. 10), allowing the blades to be raisedprogressively one after the other and maintaining them raised for thetime necessary for the undulation. In Fig. 10, the first plate of thecam 50, which would hide the first plate of the cam 51, has beenomitted.

This undulation operates as follows 1 Suppose the warp threads in theirclosed position, a weft thread .Z having been thrown across the shed butthe reed not to have beaten up the thread. Directly after the weft hasbeen thrown, the frame being stopped for the duration of the undulationthe chain 49 effecting the winding is set in movement.

The plate 50 engaging the roller 45 of the first separator, raises it,and the length of this plate 50 on the driving chain is calculated inorder to maintain the bar in this position as long as may be required.

The blades 43 of the separators being thus maintained in the raisedposition, the plate 51 of the driving chain raises the first blade 36 byabutting against the roller 46. This blade 36 crosses between the firstand second blade 43 of the separator, drawing the weft with ithorizontally across these blades, the required increase of length of theweft being drawn from the shuttle. It maintains it in this position fora time sufficient for four or live separate blades to perform the sameactions.

When the last blade of each separator is reached by the particularunuulator, the plates 50 and 51 arrive at the end of their path andcease to act, separators and individual blades falling into their normalposition under the action of the springs 3? and 44, leaving the weftthread as an interrupted line in the warp. To ensure certainty of actionand to avoid any disarrangement while this weft thread is being drawn inthe interrupted line, the plates 50 and 51 continue to act anappreciable interval after the work is finished, and the separators andthe undulators only fall when the second separator has connected itswork.

It should be noticed that the separators are raised successively oneafter the other, and as explained above the weft lies in the warpthreads not as a straight line but a line regularly undulated.

Separators and undulators having been lowered the frame is set inmotion, the reed heats up the undulated weft in the usual manner. Thisweft does not wedge the warp threads but lies against them as shown inFig. 1. In this manner the insertion of a weft thread much longer thanthe length of the reed is obtained. This length is variable according tothe heights of the plates 50, 51 i of the driving chain and iscontrolled in consequence. Vrhile only two embodiments of the inventionhave been illustrated and described in the accompanying drawings it willbe understood that the invention is capable of a variety of mechanicalexpressions. It is to be expressly understood that the drawings are forpurposes of illustration only and are not designed as a definition ofthe limits of the invention, reference being had for this purpose to theappended claims.

What we claim is:

1. In a loom, the combination of a shuttle, a plurality of axlesparallel to the weft thread, a plurality of blades pivoted about saidaxles, means for successively rotating said blades after the passing ofthe shuttle in the direction that pushes the weft thread away from thefabric, rigid blades for stopping the weft thread, and a reed to applythe weft thread against the fabric.

2. In a power loom, a shuttle, a plurality of separators having rigidblades, a series of individually actuated undulators, means foractuating said separators whereby they serve to support the weft in theposit-ion given it by the shuttle, means for successively moving saidundulators between said rigid Hit) blades in order to push the weftbetween the blades, and means for moving said undulators and separatorsbelow the weft.

3. In a power loom, a shuttle, rocking members provided with rigidblades and each having an axle extending into a recess in the nextadjacent member for centering said members and preserving theirindividual freedom of movement, a series of individually actuatedundulators, means for controlling said members whereby they serve as asupport for the weft in the position given by the shuttle, means forsuccessively moving the undulators between said rigid blades in order topush the weft between the blades, and means for moving said undulatorsand separators below the weft.

4. In a power loom, rocking members propreserving their individualfreedom of movement, a series of individually actuated undulators, meansfor successively moving said undulators between said blades whereby theweft is forced between said blades, an endless chain extending acrossthe WlCl'thOf the loom a plurality of plates constituting cams securedto said chain, arms for each of said members and separators adapted tobe engaged by said plates whereby said members and separators areactuated to undulate the weft.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification.

PIERRE RENARD. FERDINAND RENARD.

